House passes Trump’s ‘One Big Beautiful Bill Act’ in razor-thin vote after GOP breakthrough

In the early hours of Thursday morning, the U.S. House of Representatives narrowly passed a comprehensive domestic policy package championed by President Donald Trump, marking a major legislative victory for both Trump and House Speaker Mike Johnson. The bill, which includes major tax and spending reforms, had faced internal resistance within the Republican Party just days before the vote.

Speaker Johnson successfully brought together a fractured GOP caucus through multiple late-night negotiations, ultimately overcoming opposition from key holdouts. Trump played a direct role in unifying the party, personally lobbying lawmakers and reiterating campaign promises such as making his 2017 tax cuts permanent and eliminating taxes on tips and overtime pay. The final vote stood at 215–214, with only three Republicans not fully backing the legislation.

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Key provisions and changes to secure support

Titled the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” the legislation includes a range of policy measures that reflect President Trump’s ongoing domestic agenda. These include significant reductions in Medicaid and food stamp funding, as well as aggressive expansions of border security funding. In addition, the bill repeals or modifies multiple Biden-era energy tax credits and extends work requirements for Medicaid recipients starting in 2026 rather than 2029.

To ensure passage, GOP leaders made several late-stage adjustments to appease both conservative and centrist factions within the party. A notable revision increased the cap on state and local tax (SALT) deductions to $40,000 for certain income groups, a change sought by Republicans from high-tax states like New York and California. These amendments played a pivotal role in flipping some of the bill’s strongest critics into supporters.

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Challenges ahead in the Senate

While the bill’s passage in the House represents a significant milestone, its future in the Senate remains uncertain. Senate Republicans have signaled their intent to introduce changes, potentially threatening the delicate balance struck within the House GOP. The narrow margin in the House underscores the difficulty of maintaining party unity as the bill moves forward.

Nonetheless, both Trump and Johnson have expressed urgency in finalizing the legislation before July 4. Johnson has acknowledged the complexity of the bill, calling it “a massive piece of legislation with lots of moving parts.” Despite the looming Senate negotiations, GOP leadership remains confident in its ability to deliver on one of the most expansive policy packages of Trump’s second-term agenda.